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''The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine'' is a book authored by New Historian Ilan Pappé and published in 2006 by One World Oxford. During the 1948 Palestine war, around 720,000 Palestinian Arabs out of the 900,000 who lived in the territories that became Israel fled or were expelled from their home. The causes of this exodus are controversial and debated by historians. In his own words, Ilan Pappé "want() to make the case for the paradigm of ethnic cleansing and use() it to replace the paradigm of war as the basis for the scholarly research of, and public debate about, 1948."〔Pappé (2006), Preface xvii〕 The thesis of the book is that the forced move of Palestinians to the Arab world was an objective of the Zionist movement, and a must for the desired character of the Jewish state. According to Ilan Pappé, the 1948 Palestinian exodus resulted from a planned ethnic cleansing of Palestine that was implemented by the Zionist movement leaders, mainly David Ben-Gurion and the other ten members of his "consultancy group" as referred to by Pappé. The book argues that the ethnic cleansing was put into effect through systematic expulsions of about 500 Arab villages, as well as terrorist attacks executed mainly by members of the Irgun and Haganah troops against the civilian population. Ilan Pappé also refers to Plan Dalet and to the village files as a proof of the planned expulsions.〔Ilan Pappé (2006). ''The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine'', Oneworld Oxford. ISBN 978-1-85168-555-4〕 ==The ethnic cleansing thesis== The thesis of the ethnic cleansing is controversial among Israeli scholars. The idea that the 1948 events were the results of a planned expulsion had already been suggested by historians Walid Khalidi in ''Plan Dalet: The Zionist Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine (1961)'' and Nur-eldeen Masalha in ''Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought (1991)''. Yoav Gelber published an answer criticizing the interpretation of Plan D made by Walid Khalidi and Ilan Pappé: ''History and Invention. Was Plan D a Blueprint for Ethnic Cleansing ? (2006)''〔Yoav Gelber, ''Palestine 1948'', Appendix I, Sussex Academic Press, 2006〕 Benny Morris proposed several interpretations. The conclusion of his main work on the topic ''The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem (1989)'' is that the exodus was the "result of war, not intent". Nevertheless, he stated later that "()n retrospect, it is clear that what occurred in 1948 in Palestine was a variety of ethnic cleansing of Arab areas by Jews. It is impossible to say how many of the 700,000 or so Palestinians who became refugees in 1948 were physically expelled, as distinct from simply fleeing a combat zone."〔Benny Morris, ''(1948 Arab-Israeli War )'', Crimes of War.〕 In an interview to Ha'aretz in 2004, he also defended the idea that having performed an ethnic cleansing in 1948 had been a better choice for the Jews than living a genocide.〔'""(Survival of the fittest )"'', Ha'aretz, 2004.〕 In his last book about the 1948 War: ''1948: A History the First Arab-Israeli War (2006)'', he nuanced all this and stated that "()uring the 1948 War, (...) although there were expulsions and although an atmosphere of what would later be called ethnic cleansing prevailed during critical months, transfer never became a general or declared Zionist policy. Thus, by war's end, even though much of the country had been "cleansed" of Arabs, other parts of the country -notably central Galilee- were left with substantial Muslim Arab populations (...).".〔Benny Morris, ''1948: A History of the First Arab=Israeli War'' (2008), pp.407-408.〕 More recently, Rosemarie Esber in ''Under the cover of war (2008)'' concurs with Ilan Pappé and brings new arguments from British documents to support the thesis that the exodus had been planned by the Yishuv leaders. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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